In the evolving course of modern warfare, drones have become a key force on the battlefield by virtue of their unique advantages, such as flexible deployment, high maneuverability, and the ability to perform high - risk tasks. From the smoke of the Russia - Ukraine conflict to the tense situations in hotspots like Syria and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East, drones are everywhere. Their widespread application has profoundly changed the pattern of traditional warfare.
The Russia - Ukraine conflict can be called a "practical test field" for drones. Both sides have extensively used drones to perform tasks such as reconnaissance, surveillance, and attacks. The Ukrainian military frequently uses small drones to reconnoiter Russian military positions and equipment, providing intelligence support for subsequent precision strikes. The Russian military, on the other hand, uses drones for fire guidance and battlefield assessment to improve operational effectiveness. Drones have also been used in the conflict to carry out suicide attack missions, posing a serious threat to enemy personnel and equipment.
For the currently popular fiber - optic drones, the unique characteristics of lasers have enabled them to show significant advantages in anti - drone operations. Firstly, high energy density is one of the important characteristics of lasers. A laser beam can concentrate a large amount of energy in an extremely small area in an instant. When the laser beam irradiates a drone, it can make key components of the drone, such as the engine, electronic equipment, and structural materials, absorb a large amount of energy in a short time, causing the temperature to rise sharply, thereby leading to damage or failure of the components. Experimental data show that when the laser power density reaches 10⁵ - 10⁶W/cm², it can melt the surface of the metal parts of the drone in a few seconds and destroy its structural integrity.
Secondly, lasers propagate at the speed of light, which enables laser anti - drone systems to have a nearly real - time response speed. When facing a high - speed flying drone, laser weapons can quickly emit laser beams. Unlike traditional weapons, there is no need to consider the lead and flight time, which greatly improves the accuracy and timeliness of interception. For example, when a drone is flying at a speed of 200km/h, the time from the emission of the laser beam to hitting the target is almost negligible. In contrast, traditional missiles need several seconds of flight time, during which the drone may have changed its flight trajectory, increasing the difficulty of interception.
In addition, the high directionality of lasers allows the laser beam to accurately aim at the target, achieving precise strikes on drones and reducing collateral damage to the surrounding environment. In densely populated areas such as cities, laser anti - drone systems can effectively intercept invading drones without endangering the safety of surrounding personnel and facilities.
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